DEFINING NEW IDEAS
With Creativity, Innovation and Design
A DICTIONARY OF DIVERGENT TERMS
www.creativitychaos.com
DEFINED TERMS [S - Z]
VIEW DICTIONARY ONLINE
DIRECTORY OF TERMS FROM A TO Z
[A - C] - [D - F] - [G - I] - [J - L] - [M - O] - [P - R] - [S - Z]
DEFINING
Creativity | Creative Flow | Divergent | Mindfulness
View the Table of Contents
DIRECTORY OF TERMS FROM A TO Z
[A - C] - [D - F] - [G - I] - [J - L] - [M - O] - [P - R] - [S - Z]
DEFINING
Creativity | Creative Flow | Divergent | Mindfulness
View the Table of Contents
- S -
Saboteur: voices of the Saboteur (sometimes called gremlins) tell you to not take any risks, to play it safe, to stay with the status quo. They remind you of the dangers of both success and failure, and try to keep you from individuality, passion, and powerful creativity. You may hear them anytime, but they most often surface when you are getting ready to do something creative, powerful, and fulfilling. Learn to deal with them so they don’t prevent you from really shining a big light in the world.
Sandwich model of cognition - The classical approach to cognition is a ‘sandwich’ model which assumes three stages of information processing: perception, cognition and then action. In this model, perception and action do not interact directly, instead cognitive processing is needed to convert perceptual representations into action.
Sapience - The ability of applying knowledge, experience, understanding or common sense and insight.
Secondary reinforcer (sometimes called a conditioned reinforcer): stimulus or situation that has acquired its function as a reinforcer after pairing with a stimulus that functions as a reinforcer. This stimulus may be a primary reinforcer or another conditioned reinforcer (such as money).
Selective attention: is the ability to maintain a behavioral or cognitive set in the face of distracting or competing stimuli. Therefore, it incorporates the notion of "freedom from distractibility."
Selective sustained attention: also known as focused attention, is the level of attention that produces the consistent results on a task over time. Common estimates of the attention span of healthy teenagers and adults range from 10 to 20 minutes; however, there is no empirical evidence for this estimate. People can choose repeatedly to re-focus on the same thing. This ability to renew attention permits people to 'pay attention' to things that last for more than a few minutes, such as lengthy films.
Self-acceptance: is an element of self-compassion that involves accepting yourself for who and what you are. Self-acceptance differs from self-esteem in that self-esteem involves globally evaluating one's worth. Self-acceptance means accepting yourself despite flaws, weaknesses, and negative evaluations from others.
Self-Awareness: can be divided into two categories: private self-awareness and public self-awareness. Private self-awareness is the self looking inward - this includes emotions, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings. None of these can be discovered by anyone else. Public self-awareness is defined by gathering information about yourself through the perceptions of others. The actions and behaviors that others show towards you will help you establish a sense of how others perceive you.
Self-compassion: is extending love and compassion to yourself in areas of perceived inadequacy, failure, or suffering. Self-compassion has three main components – self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Self-kindness is being warm and loving towards yourself when encountering pain. The objective is to act kindly towards yourself rather than ignoring your perceived shortcomings or hurting yourself with self-criticism. Self-compassion also involves recognizing that suffering and personal failure is part of the shared human experience.
Self Concept: (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about ourselves. Self-concept answers the question "Who am I?" Our self-concept is made up of our past, present, and future selves. Self-concept is different than self-awareness. Self awareness refers to the extent to which self-knowledge is defined, consistent, and applicable to one's attitudes and dispositions. Self-concept also differs from self-esteem. Self-concept is a cognitive component of our self (“I am a fast runner"), while self-esteem evaluates and opines (“I feel good about being a fast runner"). Self-concept is made up of our self-schemas, and interacts with self-esteem, self-knowledge, and the social self to form the whole. It includes the past, present, and future selves, where future selves (or possible selves) represent our ideas of what we might become, what we would like to become, or what we are afraid of becoming.
Self-deception: is a set of mind tricks that disguise the truth and form our false beliefs.
Due to self-deception, we are able to obtain resiliency through negative events in life. This also reinforces ideas or thoughts that we wish and hope for. The self-serving bias is a strategy in which we acknowledge success and reject blame for failure. For example, a person who wins a track meet would glorify ability as an athlete. In contrast if that person came in last they would put blame on other factors such as a muscle cramp or previous injury. Another strategy that we use is greater criticism involving bad feedback rather than good. A person would judge a situation more harshly when they did worse, while the opposite would happen for a situation that got good feedback.
Self-esteem: describes how we evaluate ourselves positively or negatively. Four factors that contribute to self-esteem are the reactions we get from other people, how we compare ourselves to others, our defined social roles, and our self identification. Our social roles can be indicative of higher intelligence or ability, such as a mathematician or a symphony pianist. Other social roles might be stigmatized as negative like a criminal. Clinical psychologists have studied depressed people with low self-esteem to see if their perceptions were fabricated or not. They found that depressed people have a more realistic view of the world, the qualities they obtain, and the control they have over situations in their life. It was theorized by psychologists Shelley Taylor and Jonathon Brown that the majority of people in normal-functioning mental states display and are instilled with positive illusions like overestimating their own good qualities, their control over happenings in their life, or have an unrealistic portrayal of optimism. Positive illusions remain constant for the majority of one's life due to self-deception.
Self-knowledge: is a desire for the majority of human beings. In knowing about ourselves, we are more capable of knowing how to be socially acceptable and desirable. We seek out self-knowledge due to:
Self Perception Theory: is when we infer something about ourselves through our behavior. Our behavior can give us insight into our feelings and emotions. If we regard ourselves as smart, yet we continuously receive bad grades, we have to rearrange our thinking to assume we are not as smart as we previously thought. This helps readjust our thoughts in order to match our behavior better.
Serotonin: a monoamine neurotransmitter believed to play many roles, including but not limited to temperature regulation, sensory perception, and the onset of sleep. Neurons using serotonin as a transmitter are found in the brain and gut.
Simultaneous attention: is a type of attention, classified by attending to multiple events at the same time. Simultaneous attention requires focus on multiple simultaneous activities or occurrences. This differs from multitasking, which is characterized by alternating attention and focus between multiple activities, or halting one activity before switching to the next.
Simultaneous attention involves uninterrupted attention to several activities occurring at the same time.
Selective Distortion - The tendency of the individuals to interpret a piece of information in a particular way which will support their existing beliefs.
Self-actualization - taking a holistic approach towards life, thus allowing oneself to reach the highest potential, without possessing any greed of success.
Semantic Memory - A type of declarative memory that involves memory of facts.
Serendipity: means an unplanned, fortunate discovery.
Script: text written for different forms of content, often for video (digital content, television, etc.) or audio (radio, podcast, etc.).
Self-concordant goal: refers to a goal that is chosen because the person wants to reach it for reasons that are internal to the person; self-concordant goals are not externally motivated, the goal is not chosen because somebody else wants the person to reach it
Self control: the ability to control one's emotions, behavior, and desires in order to obtain an overarching reward, or avoid punishment; presumably, some (smaller) reward or punishment is operating in the short term which precludes, or reduces, the later reward or punishment
Semantic Memory: A type of declarative memory that involves memory of facts.
Sense: physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception. Humans have a multitude of sensors. Sight (vision), hearing (audition), taste (gustation), smell (olfaction), and touch (somatosensation) are the five traditionally recognized senses.
Service design: designing or organizing the experience around a product and the service associated with a product's use.
Show-how: a diluted form of know-how since even a walk-through of a manufacturing plant provides valuable insights to the client's representatives into how a product is made, assembled, or processed. Show-how is also used to demonstrate technique.
Skepticism: generally a questioning attitude or doubt towards one or more items of putative knowledge or belief or dogma.
Sky: the place where ideas fall from when actively working on something (contrast with slow cooker). Usually there is a connection to the topic at hand, but sometimes it’s hard to nail down. In the interest of improving your creative output, it’s often useful to note both the idea and its connection to the topic at hand. You must “put yourself out there” to get hit by something falling from the sky (see perspiration).
Slow Cooker: the part of the brain that passively works on problem solving while you are actively doing something else. Also known as the “crock pot of the mind.” For best results, give it something (like a problem) to work on and take a walk or a shower and prepare for ubiquitous capture.
Sleek: the generic term for things that feel cool, modern, and or “designy.”
Social attention: is one special form of attention that involves the allocation of limited processing resources in a social context. Previous studies on social attention often regard how attention is directed toward socially relevant stimuli such as faces and gaze directions of other individuals. In contrast to attending-to-others, a different line of researches has shown that self-related information such as own face and name automatically captures attention and is preferentially processed comparing to other-related information
Social Cognition - The study of how people process social information, emphasizing on encoding, storage, retrieval and application in social situations.
Social Innovation: new ideas or innovation strategies that are designed to meet different social needs, such as health or education.
Spatial Memory - The part of memory assigned to record information about one's environment and its spatial orientation.
Spatial Memory: The part of memory assigned to record information about one's environment and its spatial orientation.
Spatial-temporal Reasoning - The ability of visualizing the spatial patterns and manipulating them mentally in a time-ordered sequence of spatial transformations.
Speculative design: the speculative design process doesn't necessarily define a specific problem to solve, but establishes a provocative starting point from which a design process emerges.
Spotlight model: describes attention as having a focus, a margin, and a fringe.
Stimulus - An environmental event capable of being detected by sensory receptors
Storytelling: using a unique and creative way to convey your message to your audience. This can be accomplished in a variety of different ways from creating a new visual identity to creating a branded content series - and everything in between.
Strategic design: design principles for
Strategy Alignment: refers to the processes and activities that link an organization's structure and resources with its strategic objectives.
Stream of consciousness: the flow of thoughts in the conscious mind. Research studies have shown that we only experience one mental event at a time as a fast-moving mind stream
Stress: Any external stimulus that threatens homeostasis. Many kinds of stress have a negative effect on the body, but some kinds can be helpful.
Subconscious (in technical use, unconscious): the division of the mind containing the sum of all thoughts, memories, impulses, desires, feelings, etc., that are not subject to a person’s perception or control but that often affect conscious thoughts and behavior (noun).
Subject matter: visual or narrative focus of a work of art.
Substantia Nigra: A region of the midbrain involved in movement and reward.
Suppose: to assume (something), as for the sake of argument or as part of a proposition or theory. From the Middle English ‘supposen’ Old French ‘supposer’ compare to Medieval Latin ‘suppōnere’ meaning “to suppose” from Latin meaning “substitute, place below.”
Surmise: to think or infer without certain or strong evidence; conjecture; guess. From the Middle English ‘surmisen’ and Anglo-French ‘surmis(e)’, Middle French (past participle of ‘surmettre’ meaning to accuse; Latin ‘supermittere’ meaning “to throw upon.”
Suspended judgment: a cognitive process and a rational state of mind in which one withholds judgments, particularly on the drawing of moral or ethical conclusions.
Sustained attention: (vigilance and concentration):The ability to maintain a consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activity.
Sustaining Innovation: refers to the type of innovation that exists in the current market and instead of creating new value networks, it rather improves and grows the existing ones.
Syllogism: a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
Synapse: A physical gap between two neurons that functions as the site of information transfer from one neuron to another.
Synaptic Plasticity: The ability of synapses to alter their strength by changing their size, shape, number of receptors, and amount of neurotransmitters released.
Synaptic Pruning: The elimination of weak or non-functioning synapses to fine-tune neural circuitry.
Synergy: the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, products, or other materials or agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Synergy Innovation: innovation focused on building innovative synergies.
Symbol: form, sign, or emblem that represents something else, often something immaterial, such as an idea or emotion.
Systems Theory: a system Is an organized entity made up of interrelated and interdependent parts.
System dynamics: approach to understanding the nonlinear behavior of complex systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, and time delays.
Systems engineering: interdisciplinary approach and means for enabling the realisation and deployment of successful systems
Systems psychology: branch of psychology that studies human behavior and experience in complex systems. systems psychology, characteristics of organizational behavior (for example individual needs, rewards, expectations, and attributes of the people interacting with the systems)
Sandwich model of cognition - The classical approach to cognition is a ‘sandwich’ model which assumes three stages of information processing: perception, cognition and then action. In this model, perception and action do not interact directly, instead cognitive processing is needed to convert perceptual representations into action.
Sapience - The ability of applying knowledge, experience, understanding or common sense and insight.
Secondary reinforcer (sometimes called a conditioned reinforcer): stimulus or situation that has acquired its function as a reinforcer after pairing with a stimulus that functions as a reinforcer. This stimulus may be a primary reinforcer or another conditioned reinforcer (such as money).
Selective attention: is the ability to maintain a behavioral or cognitive set in the face of distracting or competing stimuli. Therefore, it incorporates the notion of "freedom from distractibility."
Selective sustained attention: also known as focused attention, is the level of attention that produces the consistent results on a task over time. Common estimates of the attention span of healthy teenagers and adults range from 10 to 20 minutes; however, there is no empirical evidence for this estimate. People can choose repeatedly to re-focus on the same thing. This ability to renew attention permits people to 'pay attention' to things that last for more than a few minutes, such as lengthy films.
Self-acceptance: is an element of self-compassion that involves accepting yourself for who and what you are. Self-acceptance differs from self-esteem in that self-esteem involves globally evaluating one's worth. Self-acceptance means accepting yourself despite flaws, weaknesses, and negative evaluations from others.
Self-Awareness: can be divided into two categories: private self-awareness and public self-awareness. Private self-awareness is the self looking inward - this includes emotions, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings. None of these can be discovered by anyone else. Public self-awareness is defined by gathering information about yourself through the perceptions of others. The actions and behaviors that others show towards you will help you establish a sense of how others perceive you.
Self-compassion: is extending love and compassion to yourself in areas of perceived inadequacy, failure, or suffering. Self-compassion has three main components – self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Self-kindness is being warm and loving towards yourself when encountering pain. The objective is to act kindly towards yourself rather than ignoring your perceived shortcomings or hurting yourself with self-criticism. Self-compassion also involves recognizing that suffering and personal failure is part of the shared human experience.
Self Concept: (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about ourselves. Self-concept answers the question "Who am I?" Our self-concept is made up of our past, present, and future selves. Self-concept is different than self-awareness. Self awareness refers to the extent to which self-knowledge is defined, consistent, and applicable to one's attitudes and dispositions. Self-concept also differs from self-esteem. Self-concept is a cognitive component of our self (“I am a fast runner"), while self-esteem evaluates and opines (“I feel good about being a fast runner"). Self-concept is made up of our self-schemas, and interacts with self-esteem, self-knowledge, and the social self to form the whole. It includes the past, present, and future selves, where future selves (or possible selves) represent our ideas of what we might become, what we would like to become, or what we are afraid of becoming.
Self-deception: is a set of mind tricks that disguise the truth and form our false beliefs.
Due to self-deception, we are able to obtain resiliency through negative events in life. This also reinforces ideas or thoughts that we wish and hope for. The self-serving bias is a strategy in which we acknowledge success and reject blame for failure. For example, a person who wins a track meet would glorify ability as an athlete. In contrast if that person came in last they would put blame on other factors such as a muscle cramp or previous injury. Another strategy that we use is greater criticism involving bad feedback rather than good. A person would judge a situation more harshly when they did worse, while the opposite would happen for a situation that got good feedback.
Self-esteem: describes how we evaluate ourselves positively or negatively. Four factors that contribute to self-esteem are the reactions we get from other people, how we compare ourselves to others, our defined social roles, and our self identification. Our social roles can be indicative of higher intelligence or ability, such as a mathematician or a symphony pianist. Other social roles might be stigmatized as negative like a criminal. Clinical psychologists have studied depressed people with low self-esteem to see if their perceptions were fabricated or not. They found that depressed people have a more realistic view of the world, the qualities they obtain, and the control they have over situations in their life. It was theorized by psychologists Shelley Taylor and Jonathon Brown that the majority of people in normal-functioning mental states display and are instilled with positive illusions like overestimating their own good qualities, their control over happenings in their life, or have an unrealistic portrayal of optimism. Positive illusions remain constant for the majority of one's life due to self-deception.
Self-knowledge: is a desire for the majority of human beings. In knowing about ourselves, we are more capable of knowing how to be socially acceptable and desirable. We seek out self-knowledge due to:
- The appraisal motive describes the desire to learn the truth about ourselves in general.
- The self-enhancement motive is the desire to learn about our good qualities only.
- The consistency motive is the desire to receive reinforcement of any preconceived notions that we have about ourselves. This feedback will verify the thoughts and beliefs we already have relating to our self.
Self Perception Theory: is when we infer something about ourselves through our behavior. Our behavior can give us insight into our feelings and emotions. If we regard ourselves as smart, yet we continuously receive bad grades, we have to rearrange our thinking to assume we are not as smart as we previously thought. This helps readjust our thoughts in order to match our behavior better.
Serotonin: a monoamine neurotransmitter believed to play many roles, including but not limited to temperature regulation, sensory perception, and the onset of sleep. Neurons using serotonin as a transmitter are found in the brain and gut.
Simultaneous attention: is a type of attention, classified by attending to multiple events at the same time. Simultaneous attention requires focus on multiple simultaneous activities or occurrences. This differs from multitasking, which is characterized by alternating attention and focus between multiple activities, or halting one activity before switching to the next.
Simultaneous attention involves uninterrupted attention to several activities occurring at the same time.
Selective Distortion - The tendency of the individuals to interpret a piece of information in a particular way which will support their existing beliefs.
Self-actualization - taking a holistic approach towards life, thus allowing oneself to reach the highest potential, without possessing any greed of success.
Semantic Memory - A type of declarative memory that involves memory of facts.
Serendipity: means an unplanned, fortunate discovery.
Script: text written for different forms of content, often for video (digital content, television, etc.) or audio (radio, podcast, etc.).
Self-concordant goal: refers to a goal that is chosen because the person wants to reach it for reasons that are internal to the person; self-concordant goals are not externally motivated, the goal is not chosen because somebody else wants the person to reach it
Self control: the ability to control one's emotions, behavior, and desires in order to obtain an overarching reward, or avoid punishment; presumably, some (smaller) reward or punishment is operating in the short term which precludes, or reduces, the later reward or punishment
Semantic Memory: A type of declarative memory that involves memory of facts.
Sense: physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception. Humans have a multitude of sensors. Sight (vision), hearing (audition), taste (gustation), smell (olfaction), and touch (somatosensation) are the five traditionally recognized senses.
Service design: designing or organizing the experience around a product and the service associated with a product's use.
Show-how: a diluted form of know-how since even a walk-through of a manufacturing plant provides valuable insights to the client's representatives into how a product is made, assembled, or processed. Show-how is also used to demonstrate technique.
Skepticism: generally a questioning attitude or doubt towards one or more items of putative knowledge or belief or dogma.
Sky: the place where ideas fall from when actively working on something (contrast with slow cooker). Usually there is a connection to the topic at hand, but sometimes it’s hard to nail down. In the interest of improving your creative output, it’s often useful to note both the idea and its connection to the topic at hand. You must “put yourself out there” to get hit by something falling from the sky (see perspiration).
Slow Cooker: the part of the brain that passively works on problem solving while you are actively doing something else. Also known as the “crock pot of the mind.” For best results, give it something (like a problem) to work on and take a walk or a shower and prepare for ubiquitous capture.
Sleek: the generic term for things that feel cool, modern, and or “designy.”
Social attention: is one special form of attention that involves the allocation of limited processing resources in a social context. Previous studies on social attention often regard how attention is directed toward socially relevant stimuli such as faces and gaze directions of other individuals. In contrast to attending-to-others, a different line of researches has shown that self-related information such as own face and name automatically captures attention and is preferentially processed comparing to other-related information
Social Cognition - The study of how people process social information, emphasizing on encoding, storage, retrieval and application in social situations.
Social Innovation: new ideas or innovation strategies that are designed to meet different social needs, such as health or education.
Spatial Memory - The part of memory assigned to record information about one's environment and its spatial orientation.
Spatial Memory: The part of memory assigned to record information about one's environment and its spatial orientation.
Spatial-temporal Reasoning - The ability of visualizing the spatial patterns and manipulating them mentally in a time-ordered sequence of spatial transformations.
Speculative design: the speculative design process doesn't necessarily define a specific problem to solve, but establishes a provocative starting point from which a design process emerges.
Spotlight model: describes attention as having a focus, a margin, and a fringe.
- Focus is an area that extracts information from the visual scene with a high-resolution, the geometric center of which being where visual attention is directed.
- Fringe of Attention: Surrounding the focus is the fringe of attention, which extracts information in a much more crude fashion (i.e., low-resolution). The fringe extends out to a specified area, and the cut-off is called the margin.
Stimulus - An environmental event capable of being detected by sensory receptors
Storytelling: using a unique and creative way to convey your message to your audience. This can be accomplished in a variety of different ways from creating a new visual identity to creating a branded content series - and everything in between.
Strategic design: design principles for
- Affects consumer behavior through motivation by creating a perceptual value
- Offers a way for firms to differentiate their products and services from the competition
- Creates meaning, by effectively making the customer understand the product and its value
- Can be used to manage risks by providing a structure that offers opportunities for collaboration, innovation and the creation of a mechanism to meaningfully address problems.
Strategy Alignment: refers to the processes and activities that link an organization's structure and resources with its strategic objectives.
Stream of consciousness: the flow of thoughts in the conscious mind. Research studies have shown that we only experience one mental event at a time as a fast-moving mind stream
Stress: Any external stimulus that threatens homeostasis. Many kinds of stress have a negative effect on the body, but some kinds can be helpful.
Subconscious (in technical use, unconscious): the division of the mind containing the sum of all thoughts, memories, impulses, desires, feelings, etc., that are not subject to a person’s perception or control but that often affect conscious thoughts and behavior (noun).
Subject matter: visual or narrative focus of a work of art.
Substantia Nigra: A region of the midbrain involved in movement and reward.
Suppose: to assume (something), as for the sake of argument or as part of a proposition or theory. From the Middle English ‘supposen’ Old French ‘supposer’ compare to Medieval Latin ‘suppōnere’ meaning “to suppose” from Latin meaning “substitute, place below.”
Surmise: to think or infer without certain or strong evidence; conjecture; guess. From the Middle English ‘surmisen’ and Anglo-French ‘surmis(e)’, Middle French (past participle of ‘surmettre’ meaning to accuse; Latin ‘supermittere’ meaning “to throw upon.”
Suspended judgment: a cognitive process and a rational state of mind in which one withholds judgments, particularly on the drawing of moral or ethical conclusions.
Sustained attention: (vigilance and concentration):The ability to maintain a consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activity.
Sustaining Innovation: refers to the type of innovation that exists in the current market and instead of creating new value networks, it rather improves and grows the existing ones.
Syllogism: a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
Synapse: A physical gap between two neurons that functions as the site of information transfer from one neuron to another.
Synaptic Plasticity: The ability of synapses to alter their strength by changing their size, shape, number of receptors, and amount of neurotransmitters released.
Synaptic Pruning: The elimination of weak or non-functioning synapses to fine-tune neural circuitry.
Synergy: the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, products, or other materials or agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Synergy Innovation: innovation focused on building innovative synergies.
Symbol: form, sign, or emblem that represents something else, often something immaterial, such as an idea or emotion.
Systems Theory: a system Is an organized entity made up of interrelated and interdependent parts.
- Boundaries: Barriers that define a system and distinguish it from other systems in the environment.
- Homeostasis: The tendency of a system to be resilient towards external factors and maintain its key characteristics.
- Adaptation: The tendency of a self-adapting system to make the internal changes needed to protect itself and keep fulfilling its purpose.
- Reciprocal Transactions: Circular or cyclical interactions that systems engage in such that they influence one another.
- Feedback Loop: The process by which systems self-correct based on reactions from other systems in the environment.
- ThroughPut: Rate of energy transfer between the system and its environment during the time it is functioning.
- Microsystem: The system closest to the client.
- Mesosystem: Relationships among the systems in an environment.
- Exosystem: A relationship between two systems that has an indirect effect on a third system.
- Macrosystem: A larger system that influences clients, such as policies, administration of entitlement programs, and culture.
- Chronosystem: A system composed of significant life events that can affect adaptation.
System dynamics: approach to understanding the nonlinear behavior of complex systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, and time delays.
Systems engineering: interdisciplinary approach and means for enabling the realisation and deployment of successful systems
- Application of engineering techniques to the engineering of systems,
- Application of a systems approach to engineering efforts.
- Integrates other disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort to form a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production to operation and disposal.
- Considers both the business and the technical needs of all customers, with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user's needs.
Systems psychology: branch of psychology that studies human behavior and experience in complex systems. systems psychology, characteristics of organizational behavior (for example individual needs, rewards, expectations, and attributes of the people interacting with the systems)
- T -
Tactile: pertaining to the sense of touch. Tactile experiences are one type of haptic sensory information
Task set: is defined as an effective intention to perform a task, accomplished by configuring one's mental state (e.g. attention) to be in accordance with the specific operations demanded by the task. Tasks that have been used to define these task sets include: categorization of numbers, letters, or symbols; identification of colors or words (e.g., using Stroop effectstimuli); location judgments; semantic and episodic memory tasks; and arithmetic problems.
Task switching, or set-shifting, is an executive function that involves the ability to unconsciously shift attention between one task and another. In contrast, cognitive shifting involves conscious change in attention. Together, these two functions are subcategories of the broader cognitive flexibility concept. Task switching allows a person to rapidly and efficiently adapt to different situations.
Teleo: functional reasoning and thinking in terms of purpose and meaning, even when it is inappropriate or inaccurate to do so
Tacit knowledge: can be defined as skills, ideas and experiences that people have but are not codified and may not necessarily be easily expressed. With tacit knowledge, people are not often aware of the knowledge they possess or how it can be valuable to others.
Tangential learning - Tangential learning is the process by which people self-educate if a topic is exposed to them in a context that they already enjoy.
Technique: method with which an artist, writer, performer, athlete, or other producer employs technical skills or materials to achieve a finished product or endeavor.
Technology Adoption Life Cycle: theory that explains why companies with disruptive products and technology often have difficulties with succeeding in the mainstream market.
Technology Innovation: means generating new ideas based on technology, capability or knowledge to produce a new tech solution into a viable entity.
Technology Push: an organizational orientation that exploits already existing machinery, distribution channels and other resources. The majority of the large, established, push-oriented organizations have their own dedicated innovation units that focus on launching new products and solutions.
Temporal Lobes: One of the four major parts of each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. It aids in auditory perception, speech, and complex visual perceptions.
Ten Types of Innovation: framework that provides a way to identify new opportunities beyond products and develop viable innovations. The book Ten Types of Innovation: The Discipline of Building Breakthroughs is the culmination of thirty years of analysis and research.
Thalamus: A structure consisting of two egg-shaped masses of nerve tissue about the size of a walnut that is located deep within the brain. It relays sensory information and filters out important information.
Theory of Mind: the ability to attribute mental states, beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc., to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one's own
Thinking - A mental process which allows human beings to model the surroundings, and deal with the situation according to their goals, plans and desires.
Thinking outside the box: a metaphor that means to think differently, unconventionally, or from a new perspective. This phrase often refers to novel or creative thinking.
Thought: is a flow of ideas and associations that can lead to a reality-oriented conclusion of some kind that is creative, analytical, functional or emotional. Thinking is an activity of an existential value but we still can’t adequately define it or comprehend it’s complexities. The word ‘thought’ comes from the Old English ‘þoht’ or ‘geþoht’ from the stem of ‘þencan’ meaning “to conceive of in the mind or consider".
The word "thought" may mean:
Because thought is the basis of numerous human actions and interactions, understanding it’s functional origins and effects has been a goal of many academic disciplines including philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, intelligence, technology, biology, sociology and cognitive science. Thinking allows us to make sense of the world. We can analyze, interpret, or model our experiences and we can make choices and decisions and even predict it. It is imperative to develop a solid system of thoughts with knowledge and experience to meet our needs, objectives, and goals in all areas of our lives.
Thoughtful Design: taking both tangible and intangible goals and end results into consideration, in an effort to design events and campaigns that are meaningful, objective-driven, and positively impactful.
Three Horizons of Growth: model for portfolio management that helps organizations to structure their initiatives and find an appropriate balance between short- and long-term projects in their portfolio.
ThreeR's: The fundamental steps of Record, Recall, and Reconstruct that most creative persons use when generating new product ideas.
Threshold concept - A term used to describe core concepts that once understood, transform perception of a given subject and are central to the process of mastery.
Threshold theory: Intelligence is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for creativity. There is a moderate positive relationship between creativity and intelligence until IQ ~120.
Tight: Well-resolved. A design that features perfect detailing.
Tip of the tongue - (or TOT) is the phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent.
Train of thought: (or track of thought)refers to the interconnection in the sequence of ideas expressed during a connected discourse or thought, as well as the sequence itself, especially in discussion how this sequence leads from one idea to another. When a reader or listener "loses the train of thought" (i.e., loses the relation between consecutive sentences or phrases, or the relation between non-verbal concepts in an argument or presentation), comprehension is lost of the expressed or unexpressed thought.
Transgenerational design: the practice of making products and environments compatible with those physical and sensory impairments associated with human aging and which limit major activities of daily living.
Transformation: changing states. a total transformation happens when you are working with it on all levels: physical, emotional, mental and spiritual - it happens inside of you, and that inner transformation impacts your outer world. (It's not directly about transforming your outer world.) This is deep inner work and involves a certain level of letting go of control which can be very confusing.
Transformational Innovation: rare and powerful. It transforms the way organizations do business and offers completely new value for many generations. Only 10% of innovations are transformational.
Trendy: Typically, a dirty word in the design world, referring to a solution that appeals to the short-lasting whims of society.
Trivium - The Trivium is a systematic method of critical thinking used to derive factual certainty from information perceived with the traditional five senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell.
Trial and error: a fundamental method of problem solving. It is characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success,nor until the agent stops trying.
Typography: style in which text is displayed with the purpose of the text being readable and interesting to the viewer. Key components of typography within design are font selection, weight, capitalization, spacing and hierarchy.
Task set: is defined as an effective intention to perform a task, accomplished by configuring one's mental state (e.g. attention) to be in accordance with the specific operations demanded by the task. Tasks that have been used to define these task sets include: categorization of numbers, letters, or symbols; identification of colors or words (e.g., using Stroop effectstimuli); location judgments; semantic and episodic memory tasks; and arithmetic problems.
Task switching, or set-shifting, is an executive function that involves the ability to unconsciously shift attention between one task and another. In contrast, cognitive shifting involves conscious change in attention. Together, these two functions are subcategories of the broader cognitive flexibility concept. Task switching allows a person to rapidly and efficiently adapt to different situations.
Teleo: functional reasoning and thinking in terms of purpose and meaning, even when it is inappropriate or inaccurate to do so
Tacit knowledge: can be defined as skills, ideas and experiences that people have but are not codified and may not necessarily be easily expressed. With tacit knowledge, people are not often aware of the knowledge they possess or how it can be valuable to others.
- Tacit knowledge has been described as "know-how" – as opposed to "know-that" (facts).
Tangential learning - Tangential learning is the process by which people self-educate if a topic is exposed to them in a context that they already enjoy.
Technique: method with which an artist, writer, performer, athlete, or other producer employs technical skills or materials to achieve a finished product or endeavor.
Technology Adoption Life Cycle: theory that explains why companies with disruptive products and technology often have difficulties with succeeding in the mainstream market.
Technology Innovation: means generating new ideas based on technology, capability or knowledge to produce a new tech solution into a viable entity.
Technology Push: an organizational orientation that exploits already existing machinery, distribution channels and other resources. The majority of the large, established, push-oriented organizations have their own dedicated innovation units that focus on launching new products and solutions.
Temporal Lobes: One of the four major parts of each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. It aids in auditory perception, speech, and complex visual perceptions.
Ten Types of Innovation: framework that provides a way to identify new opportunities beyond products and develop viable innovations. The book Ten Types of Innovation: The Discipline of Building Breakthroughs is the culmination of thirty years of analysis and research.
Thalamus: A structure consisting of two egg-shaped masses of nerve tissue about the size of a walnut that is located deep within the brain. It relays sensory information and filters out important information.
Theory of Mind: the ability to attribute mental states, beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc., to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one's own
Thinking - A mental process which allows human beings to model the surroundings, and deal with the situation according to their goals, plans and desires.
Thinking outside the box: a metaphor that means to think differently, unconventionally, or from a new perspective. This phrase often refers to novel or creative thinking.
Thought: is a flow of ideas and associations that can lead to a reality-oriented conclusion of some kind that is creative, analytical, functional or emotional. Thinking is an activity of an existential value but we still can’t adequately define it or comprehend it’s complexities. The word ‘thought’ comes from the Old English ‘þoht’ or ‘geþoht’ from the stem of ‘þencan’ meaning “to conceive of in the mind or consider".
The word "thought" may mean:
- a single idea
- the result of mental activity
- the act or system of thinking
- the capacity to think, reason, visualize or imagine
- the consideration of or the reflection on an idea
- a recollection or contemplation
- a single or set of beliefs, values or morals
- a good but imperfect intention
- an anticipation or expectation
- a consideration to, attention of, care for, or regards to something
- a judgment, opinion, or belief
- a philosophy
- the state of being conscious of something
- a logical or rational answer to a question
- a creative or innovative idea for art, music, writing, engineering, technology, craftsmanship, or any marketable product or service or other value based work.
Because thought is the basis of numerous human actions and interactions, understanding it’s functional origins and effects has been a goal of many academic disciplines including philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, intelligence, technology, biology, sociology and cognitive science. Thinking allows us to make sense of the world. We can analyze, interpret, or model our experiences and we can make choices and decisions and even predict it. It is imperative to develop a solid system of thoughts with knowledge and experience to meet our needs, objectives, and goals in all areas of our lives.
- Creative and analytical thought takes place in the two different hemispheres of the brain and it’s important to recognize and accept that science has debunked the myth that we are either one thinkers on one side or the other. We use both sides of our brains although one side may be more dominant. It’s through knowledge, education and training that we can maximize the power of both sides. If you haven’t thought about this, be on the lookout for my book to be published soon. It touches on our brain capacity and how to maximize its full capabilities to achieve success. The neuroscience features on this website are from this book.
Thoughtful Design: taking both tangible and intangible goals and end results into consideration, in an effort to design events and campaigns that are meaningful, objective-driven, and positively impactful.
Three Horizons of Growth: model for portfolio management that helps organizations to structure their initiatives and find an appropriate balance between short- and long-term projects in their portfolio.
ThreeR's: The fundamental steps of Record, Recall, and Reconstruct that most creative persons use when generating new product ideas.
Threshold concept - A term used to describe core concepts that once understood, transform perception of a given subject and are central to the process of mastery.
Threshold theory: Intelligence is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for creativity. There is a moderate positive relationship between creativity and intelligence until IQ ~120.
Tight: Well-resolved. A design that features perfect detailing.
Tip of the tongue - (or TOT) is the phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent.
Train of thought: (or track of thought)refers to the interconnection in the sequence of ideas expressed during a connected discourse or thought, as well as the sequence itself, especially in discussion how this sequence leads from one idea to another. When a reader or listener "loses the train of thought" (i.e., loses the relation between consecutive sentences or phrases, or the relation between non-verbal concepts in an argument or presentation), comprehension is lost of the expressed or unexpressed thought.
Transgenerational design: the practice of making products and environments compatible with those physical and sensory impairments associated with human aging and which limit major activities of daily living.
Transformation: changing states. a total transformation happens when you are working with it on all levels: physical, emotional, mental and spiritual - it happens inside of you, and that inner transformation impacts your outer world. (It's not directly about transforming your outer world.) This is deep inner work and involves a certain level of letting go of control which can be very confusing.
Transformational Innovation: rare and powerful. It transforms the way organizations do business and offers completely new value for many generations. Only 10% of innovations are transformational.
Trendy: Typically, a dirty word in the design world, referring to a solution that appeals to the short-lasting whims of society.
Trivium - The Trivium is a systematic method of critical thinking used to derive factual certainty from information perceived with the traditional five senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell.
Trial and error: a fundamental method of problem solving. It is characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success,nor until the agent stops trying.
- Solution-oriented: trial and error makes no attempt to discover which solution works, merely that it is a solution.
- Problem-specific: trial and error makes no attempt to generalize a solution to other problems.
- Non-optimal: trial and error is generally an attempt to find a solution, not allsolutions, and not the best-solution.
- Needs little knowledge: trials and error can proceed where there is little or no knowledge of the subject.
Typography: style in which text is displayed with the purpose of the text being readable and interesting to the viewer. Key components of typography within design are font selection, weight, capitalization, spacing and hierarchy.
U - Z
Ubiquitous Capture: strategy for capturing ideas from the “slow cooker or the sky.” The idea is to always have a way to record (or write down) an idea when you have it, so it doesn’t get forgotten.
Use-centered design: which focuses on the goals and tasks associated with the use of the artifact, rather than focusing on the end user.
Unconscious Mind - Part of the mind that triggers a collection of thoughts which inhibit our mind without us being aware of them.
Unconscious thought theory (UTT): the unconscious mind is capable of performing tasks outside of one's awareness, and that unconscious thought (UT) is better at solving complex tasks, where many variables are considered, than conscious thought (CT), but is outperformed by conscious thought in tasks with fewer variables.
Use Case: Innovation has several different use cases which all have one thing in common: the ambition of gathering extensive creative input from stakeholders and funneling that towards concrete actions to drive businesses forward
Validating Ideas: one of the first steps towards creating innovations. The purpose of idea validation is to verify that the idea will actually survive in the market by recognizing and testing the most important assumptions related to the idea.
Valorization: Pointing in satisfaction to what one achieved in the meantime while one should have been doing something else.
Value Innovation: the search for new, radically different value curves. It is an eclectic mix that integrates different ideas from different sources in order to deliver higher customer value. Value innovation focuses on making the competition irrelevant by creating a leap of value for buyers and for the company, thereby opening up new and uncontested market space.
Value judgment: a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something or someone, or of the usefulness of something or someone, based on a comparison or other relativity. As a generalization, a value judgment can refer to a judgment based upon a particular set of values on a particular value system.
Venture Capital: money used to support new or unusual business ventures that exhibit above-average growth rates, significant potential for market expansion and are in need of additional financing to sustain growth or further research and development; equity or venture financing traditionally provided at the commercialization stage.
Venturepreneur: an entrepreneur building a high-risk-high-return venture around a new-to-the-world product or service.
Verbal Reasoning: understanding and reasoning using concepts framed in words
Verification: where the idea is consciously verified, elaborated, and then applied
Vertical thinking - Distinct approach towards problem solving using selective, analytical and sequential methods.
Viewpoint: position from which something is viewed or observed.
Visual Arts: creation of images or objects in fields including today painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.
Visual Attention: is thought to operate as a two-stage process. In the first stage, attention is distributed over the external visual scene and processing of information is performed in parallel. In the second stage, attention is concentrated to a specific area of the visual scene (i.e., it is focused), and processing is performed in a serial fashion.
Visual Reasoning: process of manipulating one's mental image of an object in order to reach a certain conclusion – for example, mentally constructing a piece of machinery to experiment with different mechanisms
Visual spatial attention: Visual spatial attention is a form of visual attention that involves directing attention to a location in space. Spatial attention is distinctive from other forms of visual attention such as object-based attention and feature-based attention. These other forms of visual attention select an entire object or a specific feature of an object regardless of its location, whereas spatial attention selects a specific region of space and the objects and features within that region are processed.
Visual temporal attention: Visual temporal attention is a special case of visual attention that involves directing attention to a specific instant of time.
Visual thinking: also called visual/spatial learning or picture thinking, this is thinking through visual processing. Visual thinking has been described as “seeing words as a series of pictures.”
Visualization: the cognitive process of purposefully generating visual mental imagery, with eyes open or closed, simulating or recreating visual perception, in order to maintain, inspect, and transform those images, consequently modifying their associated emotions or feelings
Visuospatial Sketchpad - The component of working memory responsible for handling visual and spatial information.
Volition - Volition is one of the three primary human psychological faculties, which stresses on the study of will, choice and decision.
Waterfall Model: breakdown of project activities into linear sequential phases, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialization of tasks.
White matter: Brain or spinal cord tissue consisting primarily of the myelin-covered axons that extend from nerve cell bodies in the gray matter of the central nervous system.
Wicked Problem: a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize.
Wisdom of the Crowd: See crowdsourcing
Wishful Thinking: describes decision-making and the formation of beliefs based on what might be pleasing to imagine, rather than on evidence, rationality, or reality. It is a product of resolving conflicts between belief and desire.
Work motivation: a set of energetic forces that originate both within as well as beyond an individual's being, to initiate work-related behavior, and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration.
Working brain: brain is composed of three constantly co-active processes which he described as the; (1) Attention system, (2) Mnestic (memory) system, and (3) Cortical activation system
Working Memory - A temporary type of declarative memory used to keep a small piece of information “in mind.”
Zone of proximal development (ZPD) - The zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help
Zoom lens model: inherits all properties of the spotlight model (i.e., the focus, the fringe, and the margin), but it has the added property of changing in size. This size-change factor was inspired by the zoom lens one might find on a camera. The zoom-lens of attention can be described in terms of a trade-off between the size of focus and the efficiency of processing. The larger the focus is, the slower processing will be of that region of the visual scene, since this fixed resource will be distributed over a larger area. It is thought that the focus of attention can subtend a minimum of 1° of visual angle however the maximum size has not yet been determined.
Use-centered design: which focuses on the goals and tasks associated with the use of the artifact, rather than focusing on the end user.
Unconscious Mind - Part of the mind that triggers a collection of thoughts which inhibit our mind without us being aware of them.
Unconscious thought theory (UTT): the unconscious mind is capable of performing tasks outside of one's awareness, and that unconscious thought (UT) is better at solving complex tasks, where many variables are considered, than conscious thought (CT), but is outperformed by conscious thought in tasks with fewer variables.
Use Case: Innovation has several different use cases which all have one thing in common: the ambition of gathering extensive creative input from stakeholders and funneling that towards concrete actions to drive businesses forward
Validating Ideas: one of the first steps towards creating innovations. The purpose of idea validation is to verify that the idea will actually survive in the market by recognizing and testing the most important assumptions related to the idea.
Valorization: Pointing in satisfaction to what one achieved in the meantime while one should have been doing something else.
Value Innovation: the search for new, radically different value curves. It is an eclectic mix that integrates different ideas from different sources in order to deliver higher customer value. Value innovation focuses on making the competition irrelevant by creating a leap of value for buyers and for the company, thereby opening up new and uncontested market space.
Value judgment: a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something or someone, or of the usefulness of something or someone, based on a comparison or other relativity. As a generalization, a value judgment can refer to a judgment based upon a particular set of values on a particular value system.
Venture Capital: money used to support new or unusual business ventures that exhibit above-average growth rates, significant potential for market expansion and are in need of additional financing to sustain growth or further research and development; equity or venture financing traditionally provided at the commercialization stage.
Venturepreneur: an entrepreneur building a high-risk-high-return venture around a new-to-the-world product or service.
Verbal Reasoning: understanding and reasoning using concepts framed in words
Verification: where the idea is consciously verified, elaborated, and then applied
Vertical thinking - Distinct approach towards problem solving using selective, analytical and sequential methods.
Viewpoint: position from which something is viewed or observed.
Visual Arts: creation of images or objects in fields including today painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.
Visual Attention: is thought to operate as a two-stage process. In the first stage, attention is distributed over the external visual scene and processing of information is performed in parallel. In the second stage, attention is concentrated to a specific area of the visual scene (i.e., it is focused), and processing is performed in a serial fashion.
Visual Reasoning: process of manipulating one's mental image of an object in order to reach a certain conclusion – for example, mentally constructing a piece of machinery to experiment with different mechanisms
Visual spatial attention: Visual spatial attention is a form of visual attention that involves directing attention to a location in space. Spatial attention is distinctive from other forms of visual attention such as object-based attention and feature-based attention. These other forms of visual attention select an entire object or a specific feature of an object regardless of its location, whereas spatial attention selects a specific region of space and the objects and features within that region are processed.
Visual temporal attention: Visual temporal attention is a special case of visual attention that involves directing attention to a specific instant of time.
Visual thinking: also called visual/spatial learning or picture thinking, this is thinking through visual processing. Visual thinking has been described as “seeing words as a series of pictures.”
Visualization: the cognitive process of purposefully generating visual mental imagery, with eyes open or closed, simulating or recreating visual perception, in order to maintain, inspect, and transform those images, consequently modifying their associated emotions or feelings
Visuospatial Sketchpad - The component of working memory responsible for handling visual and spatial information.
Volition - Volition is one of the three primary human psychological faculties, which stresses on the study of will, choice and decision.
Waterfall Model: breakdown of project activities into linear sequential phases, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialization of tasks.
- Progress flows in largely one direction - downwards like a waterfall
- Phases include conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, deployment and maintenance
White matter: Brain or spinal cord tissue consisting primarily of the myelin-covered axons that extend from nerve cell bodies in the gray matter of the central nervous system.
Wicked Problem: a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize.
Wisdom of the Crowd: See crowdsourcing
Wishful Thinking: describes decision-making and the formation of beliefs based on what might be pleasing to imagine, rather than on evidence, rationality, or reality. It is a product of resolving conflicts between belief and desire.
Work motivation: a set of energetic forces that originate both within as well as beyond an individual's being, to initiate work-related behavior, and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration.
Working brain: brain is composed of three constantly co-active processes which he described as the; (1) Attention system, (2) Mnestic (memory) system, and (3) Cortical activation system
Working Memory - A temporary type of declarative memory used to keep a small piece of information “in mind.”
Zone of proximal development (ZPD) - The zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help
Zoom lens model: inherits all properties of the spotlight model (i.e., the focus, the fringe, and the margin), but it has the added property of changing in size. This size-change factor was inspired by the zoom lens one might find on a camera. The zoom-lens of attention can be described in terms of a trade-off between the size of focus and the efficiency of processing. The larger the focus is, the slower processing will be of that region of the visual scene, since this fixed resource will be distributed over a larger area. It is thought that the focus of attention can subtend a minimum of 1° of visual angle however the maximum size has not yet been determined.
A SERIES OF BEAUTIFUL WORDS
Series of Books and Blogs By www.bykairos.com
DEFINING NEW IDEAS DICTIONARY
Presented by Creativity Chaos in association with Defining the Brain - A Beautiful Word - Logophile Lexicon
VIEW MY BLOGS, BOOKS & BEAUTIFUL WORDS
or visit my writer’s workshop for a full index of work
About Me | My Style | Books | Blogs | Downloads
Original Content Copyright, 2020 Kairos.
Series of Books and Blogs By www.bykairos.com
DEFINING NEW IDEAS DICTIONARY
Presented by Creativity Chaos in association with Defining the Brain - A Beautiful Word - Logophile Lexicon
VIEW MY BLOGS, BOOKS & BEAUTIFUL WORDS
or visit my writer’s workshop for a full index of work
About Me | My Style | Books | Blogs | Downloads
Original Content Copyright, 2020 Kairos.